Scales describing language proficiency in a series of levels can provide orientation for educational programmes, criteria for assessment, and reporting to stake
This Framework has been widely adopted in setting curriculum standards, designing courses, developing materials and in assessment and certification. This compen
The European Language Portfolio aims to foster the development of learner autonomy, intercultural awareness and plurilingualism. Teachers of particular language
The United States is formally represented around the world by approximately 14,000 Foreign Service officers and other personnel in the U.S. Department of State.
Helping learners to learn: portfolios, self-assessment, and strategy instruction - The CEF in course design and in teacher education - Finding out what learners