The European Middle Ages form a complex and varied as well as a very considerable period of human history. Within their thousand years of time they include a la
Twenty-seven authors approach the diverse areas of the cultural, religious, and social life of the twelfth century. These essays form a basic resource for all i
This volume surveys the wide range of cultural and intellectual changes in western Europe in the period 1050-1250. The Twelfth-Century Renaissance first establi
The twelfth century was a period of rapid change in Europe. The intellectual landscape was being transformed by new access to classical works through non-Christ
In his thoughtful introduction, Novikoff explores the term "twelfth-century renaissance" and whether or not it should be applied to a range of thinkers with dif