Fish lives in environments with a wide variety of chemical characteristics (fresh, brackish and seawater, acidic, alkaline, soft and hard waters). From an osmor
The need for ion and water homeostasis is common to all life. For fish, ion and water homeostasis is an especially important challenge because they live in dire
Osmoregulation and water balance are essential topics in animal physiology. This book starts with the physical properties of water, and the influence that it ha
In the 40 years since the classic review of osmotic and ionic regulation written by Potts and Parry, there has been astonishing growth in scientific productivit
Among the fishes. a remarkably wide range of biological adaptations to diverse habitats has evolved. As well as living in the conventional habitats of lakes. po