Basic work on two-dimensional homotopy theory dates back to K. Reidemeister and J. H. C. Whitehead. Much work in this area has been done since then, and this bo
In recent years, many students have been introduced to topology in high school mathematics. Having met the Mobius band, the seven bridges of Konigsberg, Euler's
Group theory and topology are closely related. The region of their interaction, combining the logical clarity of algebra with the depths of geometric intuition,